The components required in a circuit, such as transistors, resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and wiring are connected to each other, fabricated on one or several small semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a package to become The microstructure of the required circuit function, namely the integrated circuit, is also called chip and ic. All the components in the integrated circuit form an overall structure, which makes the electronic components a big step towards miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligence and high reliability.
However, the chip problem will never develop as fast as the Internet. Chip manufacturing is mainly divided into three major links: wafer processing and manufacturing, chip pre-processing and post-chip packaging. Among them, the most difficult and core technology is chip pretreatment, which is divided into hundreds of processes, and each process has corresponding equipment. Among these equipment, photolithography is the most difficult technology.
China's semiconductor technology is mainly in the first and third links. Most of the technical equipment in the second link is blank, so the entire high-end chip needs to be imported. However, my country's chip design industry continues to maintain rapid growth. In 2016, the total sales of China's design industry reached 164.43 billion yuan, an increase of 24.1% over 2015. It surpassed the packaging and testing industry for the first time and became the industry with the largest proportion in China's integrated circuit industry chain. .
While seeing progress, we also need to see the gap. At present, my country's high-end IC design capabilities are insufficient. The product range of China's chip design industry covers almost all categories, and some products have a certain market scale. However, China's chip products are still at the low end and cannot compete with foreign products in the high-end market. Gongcai.com learned that processors and memory chips account for more than 70% of China's annual imports of more than 200 billion US dollars of integrated circuits.
Chip design is located at the most upstream of the semiconductor industry and is the core foundation of the semiconductor industry. It has high technical barriers, requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and requires long-term technical accumulation and experience precipitation. At present, the technological gap between domestic companies and foreign companies in key areas such as CPU is still very large, and it is difficult to catch up in a short time. However, from the perspective of industrial development in recent years, the technological gap is gradually narrowing. At the same time, under the background that the country vigorously advocates the development of semiconductors, it is expected to gradually realize the localization of chips.
