Sensors have a wide range of applications in our lives, and there are many types, ranging from a car to a smart bracelet. The sensors contained in them are all the crystallization of human wisdom.
Logic components, memory components and sensing components are already juxtaposed as the three major components of electronic systems. From pressure measurement to mechanical measurement, to the development of electrical measurement, there have been many changes. In today's sensor era, it is a historical transformation of electronic components. With the popularization of the concept of cloud, while gradually being ignored, the sensor components have become a dark horse, making a world of their own.
The sensor is a detection device that can feel the information being measured, and can transform the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to a certain rule, so as to satisfy the transmission, processing, storage, and display of information , Recording and control requirements.
The national standard GB7665-87 defines a sensor as: "A device or device that can sense a specified measured part and convert it into a usable signal according to a certain rule (mathematical function law), usually composed of sensitive components and conversion components."
The China Internet of Things School-Enterprise Alliance believes that the existence and development of sensors give objects the sense of touch, taste, and smell, and make objects slowly become alive. "A sensor is defined in the New Wei-style dictionary as: "A device that receives power from one system and usually sends it to the second system in another form."
In order to obtain information from the outside world, people must resort to sensory organs. However, people's own sensory organs are far from sufficient in studying natural phenomena and laws and production activities. To adapt to this situation, sensors are needed. Therefore, it can be said that the sensor is an extension of the human five sense organs, also known as the electrical five sense features.
With the advent of the new technological revolution, the world has begun to enter the information age. In the process of using information, the first thing to be solved is to obtain accurate and reliable information, and sensors are the main way and means to obtain information in the fields of nature and production.
In modern industrial production, especially in automated production processes, various sensors are used to monitor and control various parameters in the production process to make the equipment work in a normal or optimal state, and to achieve the best quality of products. Therefore, it can be said that without many excellent sensors, modern production will lose its foundation.
Sensors have already penetrated into extremely broad fields such as industrial production, space development, ocean exploration, environmental protection, resource investigation, medical diagnosis, bioengineering, and even cultural relic protection. It is no exaggeration to say that from the vast space, to the vast ocean, to various complex engineering systems, almost every modern project cannot do without a variety of sensors.
It can be seen that the important role of sensor technology in economic development and social progress is very obvious. Countries all over the world attach great importance to the development of this field. It is believed that in the near future, sensor technology will take a leap and reach a new level commensurate with its important status.
The sensitive element directly senses the measured and outputs a physical quantity signal that has a certain relationship with the measured; the conversion element converts the physical quantity signal output by the sensitive element into an electrical signal; the conversion circuit is responsible for amplifying and modulating the electrical signal output by the conversion element; the conversion element and The conversion circuit generally also needs auxiliary power supply.
Technical characteristics of the sensor:
China's sensor industry is at a critical stage in the development from traditional to new sensors, which embodies the general trend of new sensors to miniaturization, multi-functionalization, digitization, intelligence, systemization and networking. Sensor technology has undergone years of development, and the development of its technology can be roughly divided into three generations:
The first generation is a structural sensor, which uses changes in structural parameters to sense and transform signals.
The second generation is a solid-state sensor developed in the 1970s. This sensor is composed of solid components such as semiconductors, dielectrics, and magnetic materials, and is made using certain characteristics of materials. For example, the thermoelectric effect, Hall effect, and photosensitive effect are used to make thermocouple sensors, Hall sensors, and photosensitive sensors respectively.
The third-generation sensor is an intelligent sensor that has just been developed in the future. It is a product of the combination of microcomputer technology and detection technology, so that the sensor has a certain degree of artificial intelligence.
